I can't help you with joggers, our dog really doesn't like stranger running up to me, so he's leashed, when I notice a jogger.

I think that Sancho is orientating himself on the daylight and and markant events during the day (my sister going to school, breakfast, lunch, my mom having her afternoon nap, etc. ), he knows exactly to stand infront of me at 3 pm for his walk...doesn't matter if we've been outside an hour ago.
He's also very confused and grumpy when someone changed the "schedule". Neatfreak.

 

My gut feeling is that in order to be able to effectively herd livestock a dog would probably have to have an instinctual ability to calculate where someone will be based on speed and trajectory.

 

Pax is a master at adjusting his speed and approach to intercept or avoid another dog at a full run. He loves to be chased and will literally torment and outsmart the dog that is chasing him then turn, intercept, antagonize, then keep running to be chased all while adjusting his speed to stay one step ahead. It is amazing to watch.

 

Dogs actually see at a much higher frame rate than humans, so they have an almost "predictive" ability to know where another creature will be, whether that's a sheep they're herding or a rabbit they're chasing.

This does, of course, depend on them paying attention.

As for schedules, dogs use something to determine time of day, and they don't really care what happened an hour ago, if you always, always, always feed them at 5pm, they expect food at 5pm. Doesn't matter if you fed them at 4pm.

I try to move things around regularly so as to avoid this effect. Kabota knows he's getting this many walks and this many feeds, but they don't happen on the dot at the same time every day, so he's not bugging at me at that time.